List of Indian
intelligence agencies
India has
a number of intelligence agencies of
which the best known are the Research and
Analysis Wing, India’s external intelligence agency and the Intelligence
Bureau, the domestic intelligence agency.
Contents
35External links
Main
article: All
India Radio Monitoring Service
All India
Radio Monitoring Service (AIRMS) is the central monitoring service that
monitors broadcasts in India as well as from all foreign broadcasts of Interest
to India.[1][2] AIRMS is located in Simla.[3] It works in liaison with RAW and Military
intelligence.[2]
Main
article: Aviation Research
Centre
Cameras of
MiG-25RB for aerial surveillance
The
Aviation Research Centre (ARC) is a part of the Research and
Analysis Wing (R&AW) of the Cabinet Secretariat (Special
Requirements) India. The first head of the ARC was R. N. Kao, the founding chief of R&AW.
Over the years the ARC has grown into a large operation and flies a large and
varied fleet.
Aerial
surveillance, SIGINT operations, photo reconnaissance
flights (PHOTINT),[4] monitoring of borders, imagery
intelligence (IMINT)[5] are the main functions of the
Aviation Research Centre (ARC). The aircraft are fitted with state-of-the-art
electronic surveillance equipment and long range cameras capable of taking
pictures of targets from very high altitudes. ARC also takes the responsibility
along with the IAF to
transport Special Frontier
Force (SFF) commandos from their trans-location at
Sarsawa, 250 km north of New Delhi, though the SFF's own base is
in Chakrata in Uttarakhand (UK) state.
Main
article: Central
Bureau of Investigation
The
Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) is the premier investigating agency of India.[6] Operating under the jurisdiction of
the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions,
the CBI is headed by the Director, CBI, who reports directly to the Prime Minister.
The agency has been known to investigate several economic crimes, special
crimes, cases of corruption and other high-profile cases.[6] The CBI headquarters are located
in New Delhi.
Main
article: Central
Economic Intelligence Bureau
Main
article: CSDIC(I)
Main
article: CID
Each state
has own CID department reporting to the Home Minister.
Main
article: Enforcement
Directorate
The
Enforcement Directorate is a law enforcement
agency and economic intelligence agency responsible
for enforcing economic laws and fighting economic crime in India.
It is part of the Department of Revenue, Ministry of
Finance, Government Of India.[7]
Main
article: Department
of Criminal Intelligence
Main
article: Directorate
of Air Intelligence
Main
article: Directorate
of Military Intelligence (India)
Main
article: Directorate
of Naval Intelligence (India)
Main
article: Directorate General of Income Tax Investigation
The
Directorate General of Income Tax Investigation is the law enforcement agency
under the Ministry of Finance responsible for investigating violations of
India's tax laws, including fraud, evasion and money laundering. It is tasked
to,
To collect
intelligence and information regarding aspects of the black economy which
require close watch and investigation. Also, keeping in view the scene of
economic offences, the Bureau is required to collect information and provide
periodical and special reports to the concerned authorities;
To keep a
watch on different aspects of economic offences and the emergence of new types
of such offences. The Bureau was made responsible for evolving counter
-measures required for effectively dealing with existing and new types of
economic offences;
To act as
the nodal agency for cooperation and coordination at the international level
with other customs, drugs, law enforcement and other agencies in the area of
economic offences.
To
implementation of the COFEPOSA (i.e. Conservation of Foreign Exchange & Prevention
of Smuggling Activities Act, 1971 which provides for preventive detention of
persons involved in smuggling and foreign exchange rackets under certain
specified circumstances)
To act as
a Secretariat of the Economic Intelligence Council which acts as the apex body
to ensure full co-ordination among the various Agencies including Central
Bureau of Investigation, Reserve Bank of India, Intelligence Bureau etc.
Head the
investigation wing of the Income Tax Department at the Regional Level;
Collection
of intelligence pertaining to evasion of Direct Taxes;
Organizing
search action to unearth black money- from time to time;
Dissemination
of information and intelligence collected- by passing on the same to the
concerned authorities including assessing authorities;
Keep
liaison and hold meetings with other organisations in the region to ensure
co-ordination and smooth flow of information;
Take
appropriate steps to ensure that information and other persons having
information about tax evaders come forward with the same to the Department.
Disbursement of rewards would be one of the measures.
Main
article: Defence
Intelligence Agency (India)
This
agency was established on 5 March 2002 with the appointment of Lt.
General Kamal Davar as
the first Director General (DG). The DG reports to the Chief Of Defence Staffs
(CDS). It is supposed to be the nodal agency for all defence related
intelligence, thus distinguishing it from the RAW. Much of the agency's budget and
operations are classified.
DIA has
control of MoD's prized technical intelligence assets – the Directorate of
Signals Intelligence and the Defence Image Processing and Analysis Centre
(DIPAC). While the Signals Directorate is responsible for acquiring and
decrypting enemy communications, the DIPAC controls India's satellite-based
image acquisition capabilities. The DIA also controls the Defence Information
Warfare Agency (DIWA) which handles all elements of the information warfare
repertoire, including psychological operations, cyber-war, electronic
intercepts and the monitoring of sound waves.
Main
article: Directorate
of Air Intelligence (India)
The DAI is
responsible for air and satellite reconnaissance missions.
This is
the Income Tax’s intelligence arm. It is India's
official FATF unit. The Directorate of
Intelligence is an allied and compact investigative set up. The DGIT
(Intelligence) reports directly to the Member (Investigation), Central Board of
Direct Taxes. The office will be attached to the office of the Board. The
Directorate is required to take up intensive investigation of selected cases /
class of cases and develop them for further action / specialized operation;
study and analyze emerging trends in tax evasion, new modus operandi etc.;
create an economic offence data base; develop a profiling system etc. both in
traditional and non traditional fields. The Directorate liaise/interact with
other intelligence/investigating agencies such as FIU, NCB, ED, DRI, DGCEI,
SFO, CEIB etc. The Directorate has access to all the information received by
the Department viz. AIR, TDS, BCTT, STT, CIB, AST etc. Departmental national
net work, Departmental records etc.
The DGIT
and his directorate is located at Delhi. They have an all India jurisdiction
and are assigned concurrent powers with the other DG’sIT (Inv.).Criminal
Investigation (CI) investigates potential criminal violations
of the Direct Tax Code and related financial crimes in a manner intended to
foster confidence in the tax system and compliance with the law. While other
federal agencies also have investigative jurisdiction for money laundering and
some bank secrecy act violations, the Income Tax Department is the only federal
agency that can investigate potential criminal violations of the Direct Tax
Code. Criminal Investigation must investigate and assist in the prosecution of
those significant financial investigations that will generate the maximum
deterrent effect, enhance voluntary compliance, and promote public confidence
in the tax system.
Special
agents and agents (ITO and Inspector rank) are allowed to carry firearms when
they are posted in the Directorate of Criminal Investigation (DCI) in the IT
department. The Finance Ministry has recently notified bringing under one
umbrella the intelligence and criminal investigation units of the Income Tax
department to effectively deal with terror financing cases and transactions
that pose threat to national security. The department will now recruit special
agents and agents (criminal investigation) under the new wing, half of whom
would be recruited or brought on deputation from premier investigative agencies
and police organisations of the country.
The
special agents who will form part of the premier DCI would be able to carry
firearms under the rules prescribed by their parent organisation and would be
able to tackle any intimidation in course of their new duty of checking and
gathering intelligence on tax evasion.
The DCI is
headed by the Director General of
Intelligence (Income Tax) and was notified in May this year to tackle the
menace of black money with cross-border ramifications.[8] Commissioners of the Intelligence
directorate of Income Tax are posted in cities such as Delhi, Chandigarh,
Jaipur, Ahmedabad, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata and Lucknow will also take up
criminal investigation work under the DCI.
Functions
with the Central Board of Excise and customs(CBEC), in the Ministry of Finance,
Department of Revenue. Headed by Director General in New Delhi, it is presently
divided into seven zones, each under the charge of an Additional Director
General, and further sub-divided into Regiont of Additional Directors, Joint
Directors, Deputy Directors, Assistant Directors, Senior Intelligence Officers
and Intelligence Officers.[9] Its charter includes the following
functions:
Collection
of intelligence about smuggling of contraband goods, narcotics, under-invoicing
etc. through sources of India and abroad, including secret sources.
Analysis
and dissemination of such intelligence to the field formations for action.
Working
out of intelligence by the Directorate officers themselves to a successful
conclusion, where necessary.
Keeping
watch over important seizures and investigation cases.
Associating
or taking over the investigations which warrant specialised handling by the
Directorate.
Guiding
important investigation/prosecution cases.
Functioning
as the liaison authority for exchange or information among ESCAP countries for
combating international smuggling and customs frauds in terms of the
recommendation of the ESCAP conference.
Keeping
liaison with foreign countries, Indian Missions and Enforcement agencies abroad
on anti-smuggling matters.
To keep
liaison with Central
Bureau of Investigation and through them with the INTERPOL.
To
coordinate, direct and control anti-smuggling operations on the Indo-Nepal
border.
To refer
cases registered under the Customs Act to the Income Tax Department for action
under the Income Tax Act.
To keep
statistics of seizures and prices/ rates etc. for watching trends of smuggling
and supply required material to the ministry of Finance and other Ministries.
Main
article: Economic
Intelligence Council
Main
article: Indian
Political Intelligence Office
Main
article: Intelligence
Bureau (India)
The Intelligence
Bureau (IB) is India's internal intelligence agency and
reputedly the world's oldest intelligence agency.[11]
Main
article: Joint Cipher Bureau
The Joint
Cipher Bureau works closely with the IB and RAW. It is responsible for
cryptanalysis and encryption of sensitive data.[citation
needed] The inter-services Joint Cipher Bureau has primary responsibility for
cryptology and SIGINT,
providing coordination and direction to the other military service
organizations with similar mission. Most current equipment providing tactical
intelligence is of Russian origin, including specialized direction finding and
monitoring equipment.
The Joint
Cipher Bureau is also responsible for issues relating to public and private key
management. Cryptographic products are export-controlled licensed items, and
licenses to India are not generally available for products of key length of
more than 56 bits.[citation
needed] The domestic Indian computer industry primarily produces PCs, and
PC-compatible cryptographic products have been developed and are being used
commercially. More robust encryption systems are not commercially produced in
India, and progress in this field has been slow due to the general unavailability
of technology and know-how. Customised cryptographic products have been
designed and produced by organizations in the defense sector are engaged in the
implementation of cryptographic techniques, protocols and the products..
Main
article: Narcotics Control
Bureau
The Narcotics
Control Bureau (NCB) is the chief law enforcement and intelligence agency
of India responsible for fighting drug trafficking and the abuse of illegal
substances.[12][13]
Main
article: National
Investigation Agency
National
Investigation Agency (NIA) is a central agency established by the Indian
Government to combat terror in India.[3] It acts as the Central Counter
Terrorism Law Enforcement Agency. The agency is empowered to deal with terror
related crimes across states without special permission from the states. The
Agency came into existence with the enactment of the National Investigation
Agency Act 2008 by the Parliament of India on 31 December 2008.
Main
article: National
Technical Research Organisation
The National
Technical Research Organisation (NTRO)[14] is a technical
intelligence agency under the National
Security Advisor in the Prime Minister's
Office, India.[15] It was set up in 2004.[16] It also includes National Institute
of Cryptology Research and Development (NICRD), which is first of its kind
in Asia.[17]
Main
article: Radio Research Centre
Main
article: Regional
Economic Intelligence Committee
Main
article: Research and
Analysis Wing
The Research
and Analysis Wing (RAW) is the primary foreign intelligence
agency of India.
Main
article: Serious
Fraud Investigation Office
Main
article: Signals Intelligence Bureau
The
Signals Intelligence Directorate is a joint service organisation, manned by
personnel from the Army, Navy and Air Force. It has a large number of WEUs
(Wireless Experimental Units) that carry out the task of monitoring military
links of other countries.
The
Central Monitoring Organisation (CMO) is directly under the Ministry of
Defence. It has several monitoring companies, located at different locations
around the country. Task is to monitor use of radio spectrum by all users, such
as Defence, Police, AIR, Railways, PSUs etc.
Main
article: Thuggee and
Dacoity Department
Main
article: Wildlife
Crime Control Bureau
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